Deep Dive - What exactly is it about?
It is now established that our gut microbiome influences not only our digestion but also a variety of our body systems and is in constant communication with our brain. The microorganisms in our gut affect processes in our brain. Interesting connections have been recognized between certain psychological and neurological problems and gut issues. For example, people with irritable bowel syndrome are more often also depressed, Parkinson’s patients are prone to constipation, and people with autism spectrum disorders frequently suffer from digestive problems. We have already dealt extensively with the so-called gut-brain axis. Psychobiotics are probiotics that have a positive effect on the psyche when administered in the right amount. The term was coined only in 2012, so this research field is still very young but is growing rapidly and is considered very promising – and rightly so, we think! That’s why we want to give you a small insight here into some scientific findings that exist so far and the potential that pro- and prebiotics have in this context!
And how do they work?
The ways in which our body systems communicate with each other are extremely complex, so it is assumed that psychobiotics act in many different ways. For one, they enable the synthesis of certain neurotransmitters that influence our behavior, including serotonin, which is known as the “happiness hormone.” On the other hand, they can regulate our stress response by preventing excessive release of the stress hormone cortisol. Additionally, psychobiotics can reduce inflammatory processes in the body while simultaneously increasing glutathione, a protein known for its strong antioxidant properties that can help prevent inflammation, among other things. Increased permeability of the gut lining is often associated with increased inflammatory activity in the body. This permeability can, for example, increase during acute stress. This fact is suspected to explain the elevated inflammation markers measured in people suffering from depression or anxiety disorders.
Which bacterial strains have psychobiotic potential?
Interestingly, most of the potential is attributed to bacteria of the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria, especially the species B. breve and B. longum, of which various specific strains are also included in Dailybacs, as well as the species L. rhamnosus and L. plantarum. Strains of these species are also found in Dailybacs. Bifidobacteria seem to be able to prevent inflammatory reactions and can increase tryptophan levels in the body. This makes them particularly interesting in psychobiotic research, as depressive symptoms are associated, among other things, with a lack of tryptophan – a precursor of the neurotransmitter serotonin. Presumably, this is why tryptophan can have a calming effect and improve mood.
Like all bacteria beneficial to humans, these little helpers benefit when they are additionally “fed” with prebiotics. Prebiotics can reduce the permeability of the gut lining and thus prevent possible inflammation, which, as mentioned, is observed in patients with depressive or anxious moods. Particularly interesting prebiotics in the psychobiotic context are fructooligosaccharides (FOS) – a polysaccharide classified as fiber, found for example in chicory – and galactooligosaccharides (GOS), which occur, for example, in breast milk. (By the way, we also use chicory root extract in Dailybacs as an effective prebiotic.) Both in animals and humans, it has been observed that prebiotics of the Bimuno-GOS group (B-GOS) can positively influence emotional and cognitive processes. B-GOS, in turn, especially promotes the helpful bifidobacteria.
All these findings lead researchers to assume that synbiotics, as a combination of pre- and probiotics, can be particularly interesting in the field of psychobiotics. For example, it has been observed that synbiotics significantly reduce the so-called tumor necrosis factor TNF‐α, which can trigger inflammation when elevated. And this effect lasts for several months after treatment. This insight could therefore help not only patients with inflammatory bowel diseases but also those suffering from mental illnesses. We can certainly look forward to further studies and findings in this area!
Psychobiotics as antidepressants?
In experiments on rats, some treated with antidepressants and others with probiotics, comparable results have already been observed. However, since the data is still very limited, psychobiotics are not yet a treatment alternative for humans. Too many questions remain open about which specific bacterial strains in what dosage can be helpful and how exactly they work. Whether psychobiotics can be prescribed instead of conventional antidepressants in the future cannot be said today. A major advantage over classic antidepressants would be that pro- and prebiotics, unlike these medications, have hardly any side effects. The results so far are fascinating, and scientists are (cautiously) optimistic! Taking medications or supplements, after consultation with a doctor or therapist, can sometimes usefully complement psychotherapy but cannot replace it!
Practical application – Using the gut-brain axis today
It is already proven that the microbiome can influence not only our gut but our entire body including our brain. We also use this approach in our products like Dailybacs® or Good Mood.
The numerous strains of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria as well as the prebiotics in Dailybacs® are additionally complemented in our "Good Mood" by ashwagandha, saffron extract, vitamins, and 5-HTP, which contributes to serotonin formation. So you do something good for your gut on the one hand and for your mood on the other. Because your gut is the engine of health – if your gut is not balanced, nutrients cannot be properly absorbed and thus cannot be utilized by the body.
Dailybacs® therefore provide the basis for a balanced gut flora and ensure that nutrients can be optimally absorbed. Additionally, you can always support your body and mind with a balanced, fiber-rich diet, exercise, and meditation. This way, you can naturally enhance your overall physical and mental well-being!
